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LV. Image 图像函数
PHP 不仅限于只产生 HTML 的输出。还可以创建及操作多种不同图像格式的图像文件,包括
gif,png,jpg,wbmp 和 xpm。更方便的是,PHP
可以直接将图像流输出到浏览器。要处理图像,需要在编译 PHP 时加上图像函数的 GD 库。GD
和 PHP 还可能需要其它的库,视乎需要支持哪些图像格式而定。
可以在 PHP 中使用图像函数来得到
JPEG,GIF,PNG,SWF,TIFF
和 JPEG2000 图像的大小。
注:
阅读需求一节以了解怎样扩展图像能力来读取,写入和修改图像以及读取数码相机拍摄的照片中的元数据。
如果有 GD 库(在 http://www.boutell.com/gd/),可以创建及操作图像。
所能处理的图像格式取决于所安装的 GD
版本,以及其它 GD 可能用到的来访问这些图像格式的库。低于
gd-1.6 版本的 GD 支持 GIF 图像格式,不支持
PNG,高于 gd-1.6 低于 gd-2.0.28 的版本支持 PNG,不支持 GIF。在
gd-2.0.28 中又重新支持 GIF 了。
注:
自 PHP 4.3 起绑定了一个 GD
库的版本。这个绑定的版本具有一些附加的特色例如透明混色,应优先使用此版本,因为它的代码维护得更好以及更加稳定。
可能想要增加 GD 处理的图像格式。
可能想要增强 GD 处理不同字体的能力。支持下列字库:
如果 PHP 编译时指定了
--enable-exif,就可以操作存储于
JPEG 和 TIFF
图像文件头中的信息。这样就可以读取上面提到的数码相机生成的照片中的元数据。这些函数不需要
GD 库。
要激活 GD 支持,配置 PHP 时加上
--with-gd[=DIR],DIR 是 GD
的基本安装目录。要使用推荐的绑定的 GD 库版本(首次绑定于 PHP 4.3.0),使用
--with-gd。要编译
GD 库,需要libpng 和 libjpeg。
在 Windows 中,需要将 GD2 的 DLL 文件 php_gd2.dll
作为一个扩展包含在 php.ini 中。GD1 的 DLL 文件
php_gd.dll 在 PHP 4.3.2
中被删除了。此外要注意首选的真彩色图像函数,例如
imagecreatetruecolor(),需要 GD2。
注:
要在 Windows 下启用 exif,在 php.ini 中 php_mbstring.dll 必须在
php_exif.dll 之前加载。
要在 PHP 3 中禁止 GD 支持,在配置时加上
--without-gd。
要增强 GD 的能力以处理更多的图像格式,在配置 PHP 时指定
--with-XXXX 的配置开关。
表格 3. 所支持的图像格式 | 图像格式 | 配置开关 |
|---|
| jpeg-6b |
要激活 jpeg-6b 的支持,加上
--with-jpeg-dir=DIR.
| | png |
要激活 png 的支持,加上
--with-png-dir=DIR。注意,libpng
需要 zlib library,因此配置中还要加上
--with-zlib-dir[=DIR]。
| | xpm |
要激活 xpm 的支持,加上
--with-xpm-dir=DIR。如果配置时提示找不到所需要的库,可以加上到
X11 库的路径。
|
注:
当把 PHP 和 libpng 一起编译时,必须使用和 GD 库连接的同一个版本。
要增强 GD 的能力以处理更多的字体,在配置 PHP 时指定
--with-XXXX 的配置开关。
表格 4. 所支持的字库 | 字库 | 配置开关 |
|---|
| FreeType 1.x |
要激活 FreeType 1.x 的支持,加上
--with-ttf[=DIR]。
| | FreeType 2 |
要激活 FreeType 2 的支持,加上
--with-freetype-dir=DIR。
| | T1lib |
要激活 T1lib(Type 1 字体),加上
--with-t1lib[=DIR]。
| | 本地 TrueType 字符串函数 |
要激活本地 TrueType 字符串函数的支持,加上
--enable-gd-native-ttf。
|
以下常量由本扩展模块定义,因此只有在本扩展模块被编译到
PHP 中,或者在运行时被动态加载后才有效。
例子 1. 用 PHP 创建 PNG 图像
<?php
header("Content-type: image/png"); $string = $_GET['text']; $im = imagecreatefrompng("images/button1.png"); $orange = imagecolorallocate($im, 220, 210, 60); $px = (imagesx($im) - 7.5 * strlen($string)) / 2; imagestring($im, 3, $px, 9, $string, $orange); imagepng($im); imagedestroy($im);
?>
|
|
本例应该在一个具有类似:<img
src="button.php?text=text"> 标记的页面中被调用。上述的
button.php 脚本会取得
"text" 字符串将其覆盖在原图上(本例中的
"images/button1.png")并输出作为结果的图像。用此方法可以很方便地修改按钮上的文字从而避免了每次都要新画一个按钮的图像。用此方法就可以动态生成了。
php at synvb dot com
22-Apr-2006 11:19
Here is a single-function to flip, based on the one below.
<?php
function flipImage($image, $vertical, $horizontal) {
$w = imagesx($image);
$h = imagesy($image);
if (!$vertical && !$horizontal) return $image;
$flipped = imagecreatetruecolor($w, $h);
if ($vertical) {
for ($y=0; $y<$h; $y++) {
imagecopy($flipped, $image, 0, $y, 0, $h - $y - 1, $w, 1);
}
}
if ($horizontal) {
if ($vertical) {
$image = $flipped;
$flipped = imagecreatetruecolor($w, $h);
}
for ($x=0; $x<$w; $x++) {
imagecopy($flipped, $image, $x, 0, $w - $x - 1, 0, 1, $h);
}
}
return $flipped;
}
?>
shd at earthling dot net
28-Mar-2006 08:44
If you happen to need a way to output a Windows BMP file (e.g. when using the PEAR ExcelWriter), feel free to use the following code:
<?php
function imagebmp ($im, $fn = false)
{
if (!$im) return false;
if ($fn === false) $fn = 'php://output';
$f = fopen ($fn, "w");
if (!$f) return false;
//Image dimensions
$biWidth = imagesx ($im);
$biHeight = imagesy ($im);
$biBPLine = $biWidth * 3;
$biStride = ($biBPLine + 3) & ~3;
$biSizeImage = $biStride * $biHeight;
$bfOffBits = 54;
$bfSize = $bfOffBits + $biSizeImage;
//BITMAPFILEHEADER
fwrite ($f, 'BM', 2);
fwrite ($f, pack ('VvvV', $bfSize, 0, 0, $bfOffBits));
//BITMAPINFO (BITMAPINFOHEADER)
fwrite ($f, pack ('VVVvvVVVVVV', 40, $biWidth, $biHeight, 1, 24, 0, $biSizeImage, 0, 0, 0, 0));
$numpad = $biStride - $biBPLine;
for ($y = $biHeight - 1; $y >= 0; --$y)
{
for ($x = 0; $x < $biWidth; ++$x)
{
$col = imagecolorat ($im, $x, $y);
fwrite ($f, pack ('V', $col), 3);
}
for ($i = 0; $i < $numpad; ++$i)
fwrite ($f, pack ('C', 0));
}
fclose ($f);
return true;
}
?>
It works the same way as regular imagejpeg/imagepng do and only supports GD2.0 true colour bitmaps (which is what's required by ExcelWriter).
felipensp at gmail dot com
13-Mar-2006 01:17
Representation decimal of a color in hexadecimal for use on functions of library GD.
<?php
// Representation hexadecimal
$var = '#FFFFFF';
function getRgbFromGd($color_hex) {
return array_map('hexdec', explode('|', wordwrap(substr($color_hex, 1), 2, '|', 1)));
}
print_r(getRgbFromGd($var));
// Output: Array ( [0] => 255 [1] => 255 [2] => 255 )
?>
andrew dot barlow at gmail dot com
01-Mar-2006 01:47
To create a simple transparent gif with black text with any TrueType Font...
Simple put this script into a PHP file and call it with the usual IMG tag.
You can also specify the font size for the IMG tag too.
Change the $font to your own font and upload it to the same directory as this script.
<?php
// Set the content-type
header("Content-type: image/gif");
$fontsize = 18;
if(@$_GET['fontsize']) {
$fontsize = $_GET['fontsize'];
}
$font = 'yourcustomfont.ttf';
$text = @$_GET['text'];
// Create the image
$size = imagettfbbox($fontsize, 0, $font, $text);
$width = $size[2] + $size[0] + 8;
$height = abs($size[1]) + abs($size[7]);
$im = imagecreate($width, $height);
$colourBlack = imagecolorallocate($im, 255, 255, 255);
imagecolortransparent($im, $colourBlack);
// Create some colors
$white = imagecolorallocate($im, 255, 255, 255);
$black = imagecolorallocate($im, 0, 0, 0);
// Add the text
imagefttext($im, $fontsize, 0, 0, abs($size[5]), $black, $font, $text);
// Using imagepng() results in clearer text compared with
imagegif($im);
imagedestroy($im);
?>
relsqui at chiliahedron dot com
18-Feb-2006 03:14
<?php
// This is a correction to the image-flipping function I posted previously.
// The bitwise ands (&) were incorrectly written as logical ands (&&).
// Needless to say, that breaks the function in obnoxious--if amusing--ways.
define("VERTICAL", 1);
define("HORIZONTAL", 2);
function imageflip($image, $mode) {
$w = imagesx($image);
$h = imagesy($image);
$flipped = imagecreate($w, $h);
if ($mode & VERTICAL) {
for ($y = 0; $y < $h; $y++) {
imagecopy($flipped, $image, 0, $y, 0, $h - $y - 1, $w, 1);
}
}
if ($mode & HORIZONTAL) {
for ($x = 0; $x < $w; $x++) {
imagecopy($flipped, $image, $x, 0, $w - $x - 1, 0, 1, $h);
}
}
return $flipped;
}
?>
relsqui at chiliahedron dot com
14-Feb-2006 07:22
On the offchance someone else should need one, here's a function you can use to randomly "mix" two colors, resulting in a "child" color with components of both. You might use it to come up with ideas for a color scheme, for example; the image section seemed as good a place for it as any.
<?php
// $mom and $dad should be integers, quite possibly the output of hexdec().
// Similarly, the return value $child will be an integer suitable for feeding to dechex().
breed_colors($mom, $dad) {
do { $maskhex .= rand()&1 ? "f" : "0"; } while (strlen($maskhex) < 6);
$mask = hexdec($maskhex);
$inversemask = $mask ^ 16777215;
$child = ($mom & $mask) | ($dad & $inversemask);
return $child;
}
// For example:
breed_colors(hexdec("012345"), hexdec("6789ab"));
// Let's say the random mask was ff0f0f.
// The inverse mask is therefore 00f0f0.
// $mom & $mask == 010305.
// $dad & $inversemask == 0080a0.
// Those two |ed together make 0183a5, which combines the traits of the parents into one $child.
?>
jan at anh dot sk
15-Jan-2006 08:03
When outputing an image from a script to a browser, use header("Content-Length: XYZ") together with Content-Type header. This avoids problems rendering-displaying the image with some browsers (f.i. MSIE) - fixes random image cutting of image bottom parts. Image from cache example:
<?php
$cache_file = "imagecache/{$ID}.img";
header("Content-Type: image/jpeg");
header("Content-Length: ".filesize($cache_file));
$cache = fopen($cache_file,"r");
fpassthru($cache);
fclose($cache);
exit;
?>
Problem observed @ Linux, Apache 2.0, PHP 4.3.10
matrixhasu at gmail dot com
14-Jan-2006 07:44
Sorry,
a little bug found in the previous note: what was
<?php
for ($i=0; $i<count($Values); $i++){
$graphValues[$i] =
($Values[$i] - $min*(1-2*$graphspacing)) *
(($imgHeight*(1-$graphspacing))/($max-$min));
}
?>
now has to be
<?php
for ($i=0; $i<count($Values); $i++){
$graphValues[$i] =
($Values[$i] - $min*(1-2*$graphspacing)) *
(($imgHeight*(1-$graphspacing))/($max-$min*(1-2*$graphspacing)));
?>
matrixhasu at gmail dot com
14-Jan-2006 08:02
I've take the example of Peter Hulstaert and modified so:
1. grid width is scaled basing on the number of data points to print;
2. images are scaled by min and max values:
even if min is 1000, that point will be very close to the image bottom
Hope this will helpfull to someone.
<?
//Original from peter dot hulstaert at gmail dot com
//Available at http://it.php.net/manual/en/ref.image.php#60410
header("Content-type: image/png");
// Define variables
$Values=array(120,190,130,155,150,140,320,150,140,186,240,128,650);
$imgWidth=500;
$imgHeight=200;
$grid=25;
$graphspacing=0.07;
//Scales number of vertical grid lines for the number of data to print
$gridW=$imgWidth/(count($Values)-1);
//Get min and max values to scale image
for ($i=0; $i<count($Values); $i++){
if ($Values[$i]>$max){$max=$Values[$i];}
}
//Min values are less the maximum...
$min = $max;
for ($i=0; $i<count($Values); $i++){
if ($Values[$i]<$min){$min=$Values[$i];}
}
for ($i=0; $i<count($Values); $i++){
$graphValues[$i] =
($Values[$i] - $min*(1-2*$graphspacing)) *
(($imgHeight*(1-$graphspacing))/($max-$min));
}
// Create image and define colors
$image=imagecreate($imgWidth, $imgHeight);
$colorWhite=imagecolorallocate($image, 255, 255, 255);
$colorGrey=imagecolorallocate($image, 192, 192, 192);
$colorBlue=imagecolorallocate($image, 0, 0, 255);
// Create border around image
imageline($image, 0, 0, 0, $imgHeight, $colorGrey);
imageline($image, 0, 0, $imgWidth, 0, $colorGrey);
imageline($image, $imgWidth-1, 0, $imgWidth-1, $imgHeight-1, $colorGrey);
imageline($image, 0, $imgHeight-1, $imgWidth-1, $imgHeight-1, $colorGrey);
// Create grid
for ($i=1; $i<($imgWidth/$gridW); $i++)
{imageline($image, $i*$gridW, 0, $i*$gridW, $imgHeight, $colorGrey);}
for ($i=1; $i<($imgHeight/$grid); $i++)
{imageline($image, 0, $i*$grid, $imgWidth, $i*$grid, $colorGrey);}
//Create the lines connecting points
for ($i=0; $i<count($graphValues)-1; $i++)
{imageline($image, $i*$gridW, ($imgHeight-$graphValues[$i]),
($i+1)*$gridW, ($imgHeight-$graphValues[$i+1]), $colorBlue);}
// Output graph and clear image from memory
imagepng($image);
imagedestroy($image);
?>
peter dot hulstaert at gmail dot com
06-Jan-2006 09:18
While I was searching for a good way to draw a graph, I stumbled on skumar2k15's script.
I have taken the liberty to improve multiple aspects of it.
1. The array can grow and shrink in size, the graph will adjust accordingly.
2. All the values in the array are recalculated so they won't get bigger than the height of the graph.
3. I inserted the possibility to keep a percentage off the height away from the edge.
4. You can adjust the size of the grid.
5. Everything will adjust when you change the height of width.
<?
header("Content-type: image/png");
// Define variables
$Values=array(50,90,30,155,50,40,320,50,40,86,240,128,650,540,320);
$imgWidth=500;
$imgHeight=200;
$grid=25;
$graphspacing=0.05;
//Creation of new array with hight adjusted values
while (list($key, $val) = each($Values))
{if($val>$max){$max=$val;}}
for ($i=0; $i<count($Values); $i++){
$graphValues[$i] = $Values[$i] * (($imgHeight*(1-$graphspacing))/$max);
}
// Create image and define colors
$image=imagecreate($imgWidth, $imgHeight);
$colorWhite=imagecolorallocate($image, 255, 255, 255);
$colorGrey=imagecolorallocate($image, 192, 192, 192);
$colorBlue=imagecolorallocate($image, 0, 0, 255);
// Create border around image
imageline($image, 0, 0, 0, $imgHeight, $colorGrey);
imageline($image, 0, 0, $imgWidth, 0, $colorGrey);
imageline($image, $imgWidth-1, 0, $imgWidth-1, $imgHeight-1, $colorGrey);
imageline($image, 0, $imgHeight-1, $imgWidth-1, $imgHeight-1, $colorGrey);
// Create grid
for ($i=1; $i<($imgWidth/$grid); $i++)
{imageline($image, $i*$grid, 0, $i*$grid, $imgHeight, $colorGrey);}
for ($i=1; $i<($imgHeight/$grid); $i++)
{imageline($image, 0, $i*$grid, $imgWidth, $i*$grid, $colorGrey);}
// Create line graph
if($imgWidth/$grid>count($graphValues)){$space=$grid;}
else{$space = $imgWidth/(count($graphValues)-1);}
for ($i=0; $i<count($graphValues)-1; $i++)
{imageline($image, $i*$space, ($imgHeight-$graphValues[$i]), ($i+1)*$space, ($imgHeight-$graphValues[$i+1]), $colorBlue);}
// Output graph and clear image from memory
imagepng($image);
imagedestroy($image);
?>
razonklnbd at yahoo dot com
26-Dec-2005 03:12
I was looking for a function to get propotional image size. After a bit of thinking I came up with this pretty fast solution:
<?php
function getPropotionalSize($src_w, $src_h, $max_w, $max_h){
$return_val['width']=$src_w;
$return_val['height']=$src_h;
if($max_w<$src_w || $max_h<$src_h){
$return_val['width']=$max_w;
$return_val['height']=$max_h;
if($src_w>=$src_h) $return_val['height']=($max_w*$src_h)/$src_w;
else $return_val['width']=($max_h*$src_w)/$src_h;
}
return $return_val;
}
?>
Hope it saved somebody some time!
orbitphreak at yahoo dot com
07-Dec-2005 01:46
If you want to have a dynamic image validation code
like yahoo, you can use this function:
<?php
function generateValidationImage($rand) {
global $site_font_path;
global $site_font_validation;
$width = 120;
$height = 40;
$image = imagecreate($width, $height);
$bgColor = imagecolorallocate ($image, 255, 255, 255);
$textColor = imagecolorallocate ($image, 0, 0, 0);
// Add Random noise
for ($i = 0; $i < 250; $i++) {
$rx1 = rand(0,$width);
$rx2 = rand(0,$width);
$ry1 = rand(0,$height);
$ry2 = rand(0,$height);
$rcVal = rand(0,255);
$rc1 = imagecolorallocate($image,
rand(0,255),
rand(0,255),
rand(100,255));
imageline ($image, $rx1, $ry1, $rx2, $ry2, $rc1);
}
// write the random number
$font = imageloadfont($site_font_path."/".$site_font_validation);
imagestring($image, $font, 3, 0, $rand, $textColor);
// send several headers to make sure the image is not cached
// Date in the past
header("Expires: Mon, 23 Jul 1993 05:00:00 GMT");
// always modified
header("Last-Modified: " . gmdate("D, d M Y H:i:s") . " GMT");
// HTTP/1.1
header("Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate");
header("Cache-Control: post-check=0, pre-check=0", false);
// HTTP/1.0
header("Pragma: no-cache");
// send the content type header so the image is displayed properly
header('Content-type: image/jpeg');
imagejpeg($image);
imagedestroy($image);
}
?>
The $site_font_path should be set to something like "/home/user/www/fonts".
The $site_font_validation should be set to the name of the GD font file,
like "anonymous.gdf".
You can view and download the code here:
http://www.digital-seven.net/?option=com_content&task=view&id=67
Jonas Sweden
17-Nov-2005 07:51
Simple script for getting a jpg-thumb by submitting imgname and either height or width of the thumb!
<?php
if(isset($_GET["i"]) && ("" != $_GET["i"])){
$fn = "path/to/jpgs/".$_GET["i"].".jpg";
if(false !== (list($ws,$hs) = @getimagesize($fn))){
if(isset($_GET["w"]) && ("" != $_GET["w"])){
$ratio = ((float)$_GET["w"]) / $ws;
}
elseif(isset($_GET["h"]) && ("" != $_GET["h"])){
$ratio = ((float)$_GET["h"]) / $hs;
}
if(isset($ratio)){
$wt = $ws * $ratio;
$ht = $hs * $ratio;
$thumb = imagecreatetruecolor($wt,$ht);
$source = imagecreatefromjpeg($fn);
imagecopyresampled($thumb,$source,0,0,0,0,$wt,$ht,$ws,$hs);
header('Content-type: image/jpeg');
imagejpeg($thumb);
imagedestroy($thumb);
}
}
}
?>
skumar2k15 [at] gmail [dot] com
07-Nov-2005 06:24
Generate a line graphs on-the-fly through php image functions.
<br>
code for linechart.php
<?
// Add values to the graph
$graphValues=array(0,80,23,11,190,245,50,80,111,240,55);
// Define .PNG image
header("Content-type: image/png");
$imgWidth=250;
$imgHeight=250;
// Create image and define colors
$image=imagecreate($imgWidth, $imgHeight);
$colorWhite=imagecolorallocate($image, 255, 255, 255);
$colorGrey=imagecolorallocate($image, 192, 192, 192);
$colorBlue=imagecolorallocate($image, 0, 0, 255);
// Create border around image
imageline($image, 0, 0, 0, 250, $colorGrey);
imageline($image, 0, 0, 250, 0, $colorGrey);
imageline($image, 249, 0, 249, 249, $colorGrey);
imageline($image, 0, 249, 249, 249, $colorGrey);
// Create grid
for ($i=1; $i<11; $i++){
imageline($image, $i*25, 0, $i*25, 250, $colorGrey);
imageline($image, 0, $i*25, 250, $i*25, $colorGrey);
}
// Create line graph
for ($i=0; $i<10; $i++){
imageline($image, $i*25, (250-$graphValues[$i]), ($i+1)*25, (250-$graphValues[$i+1]), $colorBlue);
}
// Output graph and clear image from memory
imagepng($image);
imagedestroy($image);
?>
Thanks and regards,
skumar k.
michal-ok at o2 dot pl
19-Oct-2005 05:29
The image sharpen function (by Alex R. Austin) provided below seems to be very resource hungry and I couldn't make it work on two different servers - trying to sharpen a 413 x 413 image I ended up with "Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 8388608 bytes exhausted" or "Internal Server Error" or the script terminated without notice. Because I had no priviliges to change the default memory limit on these servers I started looking for other sharpen functions. I have come across a php Unsharp Mask function which works like a charm on both of the servers I dealt with. It can be found at http://vikjavev.no/hovudsida/umtestside.php.
mslemko
10-Oct-2005 03:09
For fedora core 4 users that find that the gd library isn't installed, you can issue the command (as root)
# yum install php-gd
it should download and install the gd library. You will need to restart apache... phpinfo() should then tell you "GD Support enabled".
trucex at gmail
28-Aug-2005 07:18
@snagnever|gmail|com:
I modified the ascii image script you wrote so that it displays an image that looks real. While impractical due to speed, the concept is actually really cool. Here it is:
<?php
//
// image2asci - test script 2
// by sn4g <snagnever@gmail.com>
// 2005 - april - 2
// simple script that read "each" pixel from a image and
// outputs an html colorized version of it.
//
$name = basename
|