以下是我在windows服务端/客户端配置openvpn桥接方式的过程,以前用的是linux server + win client,并且是路由方式,这样的桥接方式是第一次做,我把配置过程写出来,供大家参考。
感谢wenzk和各位给我的帮助!
windows2000不支持网卡之间的桥接,xp和2003可以,所以,做为一台正式的服务器来说,只有选择win 2003做为openvpn服务器。
前面我在已经有服务运行的2003上安装openvpn服务端,服务运行以后服务端始终拿不到ip地址10.8.0.1。后来重新安装了一台2003,在上面一切正常。
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服务端环境:
win2003系统,两块网卡,一块接内网,一块接公网,openvpn服务安装后,增加一块虚拟tap网卡。
客户端环境:
客户端既有处于公网的主机,也有处于公司或组织的内网的主机,2000及其以上的系统,安装openvpn客户端。
认证方式:
使用公私钥的方式进行认证。
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网卡桥接过程:
建议在openvpn服务启动前把桥接做好。
桥接应该是在内网网卡与tap网卡之间做,而不是外网网卡与tap网卡之间,这是我花了一些时间才想通的问题。http://www.pavelec.net/adam/openvpn/bridge/ 这里有介绍。
注意:做了桥接以后,内网网卡上的ip设置立即失效,网桥上也没有ip设置(这时候内网连接会立即断开),接下来手工去网桥上设置内网的ip地址。
提醒:网桥连接的操作要么是在服务器上直接做,要么是通过公网ip远程连接上去做,如果是通过内网ip远程连接上去做的话,桥接做好,连接立即断开,这一点上我吃了亏,害得我多跑腿。。。
网桥ip设置好,就可以启服务了。
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服务端生成众多公私钥的过程不在介绍,bbs里很多。
服务端配置文件(服务端的公网ip是a.b.c.d,内网ip是192.168.100.22,openvpn客户端连接上来以后分配给它们的内网ip地址的范围是从192.168.100.50到192.168.100.60。注意:50到60这一段内网ip不要分配给其他任何内网的主机或服务器,避免造成ip地址冲突):
# Which local IP address should OpenVPN
# listen on? (optional)
# 一般可以不写这句配置语句,让openvpn在所有ip上监听,但是我发现使用udp协议时不写这句配置语句,那么在启动时会有问题。
local a.b.c.d
# Which TCP/UDP port should OpenVPN listen on?
# If you want to run multiple OpenVPN instances
# on the same machine, use a different port
# number for each one. You will need to
# open up this port on your firewall.
port 1194
# TCP or UDP server?
proto udp
# "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel,
# "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel.
# Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging
# and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface
# and bridged it with your ethernet interface.
# If you want to control access policies
# over the VPN, you must create firewall
# rules for the the TUN/TAP interface.
# On non-Windows systems, you can give
# an explicit unit number, such as tun0.
# On Windows, use "dev-node" for this.
# On most systems, the VPN will not function
# unless you partially or fully disable
# the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface.
# 这里只能使用tap设备,而不能使用tun设备
dev tap
;dev tun
# Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name
# from the Network Connections panel if you
# have more than one. On XP SP2 or higher,
# you may need to selectively disable the
# Windows firewall for the TAP adapter.
# Non-Windows systems usually don't need this.
;dev-node MyTap
;dev-node tap-bridge
# SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate
# (cert), and private key (key). Each client
# and the server must have their own cert and
# key file. The server and all clients will
# use the same ca file.
#
# See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series
# of scripts for generating RSA certificates
# and private keys. Remember to use
# a unique Common Name for the server
# and each of the client certificates.
#
# Any X509 key management system can be used.
# OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file
# (see "pkcs12" directive in man page).
# 以下几个文件没有写路径,所以这些文件必须放在和本配置文件同一目录下。
ca ca.crt
cert server.crt
key server.key # This file should be kept secret
# Diffie hellman parameters.
# Generate your own with:
# openssl dhparam -out dh1024.pem 1024
# Substitute 2048 for 1024 if you are using
# 2048 bit keys.
dh dh1024.pem
# Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet
# for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from.
# The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself,
# the rest will be made available to clients.
# Each client will be able to reach the server
# on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are
# ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info.
;server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0
# Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address
# associations in this file. If OpenVPN goes down or
# is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned
# the same virtual IP address from the pool that was
# previously assigned.
ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt
# Configure server mode for ethernet bridging.
# You must first use your OS's bridging capability
# to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet
# NIC interface. Then you must manually set the
# IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we
# assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0. Finally we
# must set aside an IP range in this subnet
# (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate
# to connecting clients. Leave this line commented
# out unless you are ethernet bridging.
# 指定Openvpn服务端的IP地址是192.168.100.22
# 指定为Openvpn客户端分配的IP地址范围是192.168.100.50到60。
server-bridge 192.168.100.22 255.255.255.0 192.168.100.50 192.168.100.60
# Push routes to the client to allow it
# to reach other private subnets behind
# the server. Remember that these
# private subnets will also need
# to know to route the OpenVPN client
# address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0)
# back to the OpenVPN server.
;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0"
;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0"
;push "route 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 net_gateway"
# To assign specific IP addresses to specific
# clients or if a connecting client has a private
# subnet behind it that should also have VPN access,
# use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific
# configuration files (see man page for more info).
# EXAMPLE: Suppose the client
# having the certificate common name "Thelonious"
# also has a small subnet behind his connecting
# machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248.
# First, uncomment out these lines:
;client-config-dir ccd
;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248
# Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line:
# iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248
# This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to
# access the VPN. This example will only work
# if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are
# using "dev tun" and "server" directives.
# EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give
# Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1.
# First uncomment out these lines:
;client-config-dir ccd
;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252
# Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious:
# ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2
# Suppose that you want to enable different
# firewall access policies for different groups
# of clients. There are two methods:
# (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each
# group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface
# for each group/daemon appropriately.
# (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically
# modify the firewall in response to access
# from different clients. See man
# page for more info on learn-address script.
;learn-address ./script
# If enabled, this directive will configure
# all clients to redirect their default
# network gateway through the VPN, causing
# all IP traffic such as web browsing and
# and DNS lookups to go through the VPN
# (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT
# the TUN/TAP interface to the internet in
# order for this to work properly).
# CAVEAT: May break client's network config if
# client's local DHCP server packets get routed
# through the tunnel. Solution: make sure
# client's local DHCP server is reachable via
# a more specific route than the default route
# of 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0.
;push "redirect-gateway"
# Certain Windows-specific network settings
# can be pushed to clients, such as DNS
# or WINS server addresses. CAVEAT:
# http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats
;push "dhcp-option DNS 10.8.0.1"
;push "dhcp-option WINS 10.8.0.1"
# Uncomment this directive to allow different
# clients to be able to "see" each other.
# By default, clients will only see the server.
# To force clients to only see the server, you
# will also need to appropriately firewall the
# server's TUN/TAP interface.
;client-to-client
# Uncomment this directive if multiple clients
# might connect with the same certificate/key
# files or common names. This is recommended
# only for testing purposes. For production use,
# each client should have its own certificate/key
# pair.
#
# IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL
# CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT,
# EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME",
# UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT.
;duplicate-cn
# The keepalive directive causes ping-like
# messages to be sent back and forth over
# the link so that each side knows when
# the other side has gone down.
# Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote
# peer is down if no ping received during
# a 120 second time period.
keepalive 10 120
# For extra security beyond that provided
# by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall"
# to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding.
#
# Generate with:
# openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key
#
# The server and each client must have
# a copy of this key.
# The second parameter should be '0'
# on the server and '1' on the clients.
tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret
# Select a cryptographic cipher.
# This config item must be copied to
# the client config file as well.
;cipher BF-CBC # Blowfish (default)
;cipher AES-128-CBC # AES
;cipher DES-EDE3-CBC # Triple-DES
# 从效率考虑,我不加密数据。如果需要加密数据的话,把下面这句话去掉就可以了。
cipher none
# Enable compression on the VPN link.
# If you enable it here, you must also
# enable it in the client config file.
# 从效率考虑,数据压缩一定要用。
comp-lzo
# The maximum number of concurrently connected
# clients we want to allow.
max-clients 10
# It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN
# daemon's privileges after initialization.
#
# You can uncomment this out on
# non-Windows systems.
;user nobody
;group nobody
# The persist options will try to avoid
# accessing certain resources on restart
# that may no longer be accessible because
# of the privilege downgrade.
persist-key
persist-tun
# Output a short status file showing
# current connections, truncated
# and rewritten every minute.
status openvpn-status.log
# By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or
# on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to
# the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory).
# Use log or log-append to override this default.
# "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup,
# while "log-append" will append to it. Use one
# or the other (but not both).
log-append openvpn.log
# Set the appropriate level of log
# file verbosity.
#
# 0 is silent, except for fatal errors
# 4 is reasonable for general usage
# 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems
# 9 is extremely verbose
verb 4
# Silence repeating messages. At most 20
# sequential messages of the same message
# category will be output to the log.
;mute 20
从服务端复制ca.crt、client.crt、client.key、ta.key到客户端配置文件同一目录下。
客户端配置文件:
client
# Use the same setting as you are using on
# the server.
# On most systems, the VPN will not function
# unless you partially or fully disable
# the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface.
dev tap
# Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name
# from the Network Connections panel
# if you have more than one. On XP SP2,
# you may need to disable the firewall
# for the TAP adapter.
;dev-node MyTap
# Are we connecting to a TCP or
# UDP server? Use the same setting as
# on the server.
proto udp
# The hostname/IP and port of the server.
# You can have multiple remote entries
# to load balance between the servers.
remote a.b.c.d 1194
# Choose a random host from the remote
# list for load-balancing. Otherwise
# try hosts in the order specified.
;remote-random
# Keep trying indefinitely to resolve the
# host name of the OpenVPN server. Very useful
# on machines which are not permanently connected
# to the internet such as laptops.
resolv-retry infinite
# Most clients don't need to bind to
# a specific local port number.
nobind
# Downgrade privileges after initialization (non-Windows only)
;user nobody
;group nobody
# Try to preserve some state across restarts.
persist-key
persist-tun
# If you are connecting through an
# HTTP proxy to reach the actual OpenVPN
# server, put the proxy server/IP and
# port number here. See the man page
# if your proxy server requires
# authentication.
;http-proxy-retry # retry on connection failures
;http-proxy [proxy server] [proxy port #]
# Wireless networks often produce a lot
# of duplicate packets. Set this flag
# to silence duplicate packet warnings.
;mute-replay-warnings
# SSL/TLS parms.
# See the server config file for more
# description. It's best to use
# a separate .crt/.key file pair
# for each client. A single ca
# file can be used for all clients.
ca ca.crt
cert client.crt
key client.key
# Verify server certificate by checking
# that the certicate has the nsCertType
# field set to "server". This is an
# important precaution to protect against
# a potential attack discussed here:
# http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm
#
# To use this feature, you will need to generate
# your server certificates with the nsCertType
# field set to "server". The build-key-server
# script in the easy-rsa folder will do this.
;ns-cert-type server
# If a tls-auth key is used on the server
# then every client must also have the key.
tls-auth ta.key 1
# Select a cryptographic cipher.
# If the cipher option is used on the server
# then you must also specify it here.
# 加密方式和服务端对应
cipher none
# Enable compression on the VPN link.
# Don't enable this unless it is also
# enabled in the server config file.
comp-lzo
# Set log file verbosity.
verb 3
# Silence repeating messages
;mute 20
客户端可以连接上服务端,并且得到服务端指定ip地址范围里的一个ip地址。
接下来我准备搞定客户端访问内网的问题,搞定以后我再接着写。
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20060807
桥接模式服务启动以后,不需要设置路由,客户端拨号上来以后,得到内网IP,直接就可以访问内网,所以到这里桥接模式就做好了。
从安全角度考虑,建议大家不要用默认的1194端口。
希望这篇文章对大家有一些帮助。
[ 本帖最后由 sailer_sh 于 2006-8-7 09:14 编辑 ]
wenzk 回复于:2006-08-02 01:02:09
good
sailer_sh 回复于:2006-08-02 11:18:58
引用:原帖由 wenzk 于 2006-8-2 01:02 发表
good
老大,我现在路由还没搞定,不知道应该把路由写在哪里,你能不能帮我一下?我现在还没思路
wincat 回复于:2006-08-02 12:50:20
不错,,,,,
支持
wenzk 回复于:2006-08-04 19:51:01
引用:原帖由 sailer_sh 于 2006-8-2 11:18 发表
老大,我现在路由还没搞定,不知道应该把路由写在哪里,你能不能帮我一下?我现在还没思路
不熟悉windows呀,路由模式是很简单的
sailer_sh 回复于:2006-08-07 09:08:22
引用:原帖由 wenzk 于 2006-8-4 19:51 发表
不熟悉windows呀,路由模式是很简单的
做好才发现,其实桥接模式的服务启动以后,根本就不需要设置路由。
从原理上讲,桥接模式相当于把计算机接到交换机上,所以不需要设置路由,只有路由模式下,客户端才需要设置路由,我现在算是想明白了。
wenzk 回复于:2006-08-09 20:54:26
路由模式把OpenVPN服务器当成路由器来处理
VPN网段就当成一个物理存在的网段就OK了,很简单的
sailer_sh 回复于:2006-08-10 09:06:33
现在看来反而是桥接模式更简单一些。
OpenVPN功能真是很强大。
cmsn 回复于:2006-12-14 08:14:47
非常好,应该加精的帖子
dayerong 回复于:2007-01-03 12:22:07
客户端能能分配到地址,但是不能ping通服务器~~
qinsuenwen 回复于:2007-04-23 04:03:24
为什么用 了你方法还是不行?
lxfeig 回复于:2007-05-16 02:03:30
按照老大的配置可以从客户端PING通服务器网段内的所有IP地址,请问怎样配置才能从服务器PING通客户端内网的IP地址。
jessewan 回复于:2007-05-27 23:59:13
好帖子 学习了
sailer_sh 回复于:2007-05-31 10:20:26
引用:原帖由 qinsuenwen 于 2007-4-23 04:03 发表
为什么用 了你方法还是不行?
拜托说说具体情况好不好?
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